Browsing Faculty of Dentistry by Title
Previous Page
Now showing items 7-24 of 24
-
Hudson, Athol; Harris, Angela; Mohamed, Nadia (South African Dental Association, 2011)[more][less]
Abstract: Mandibular canine impaction and transmigration have serious consequences for the patient, as removal of the tooth or teeth in question is often the only solution. The loss of one or both mandibular canines complicates orthodontic treatment. Early warning signs of mandibular canine ectopia are explored in this paper as well as how to assess the potential for displacement, impaction and/or transmigration. This paper highlights the value of interceptive treatment once the early signs of an aberrant mandibular canine have been detected. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10566/422 Files in this item: 1
HudsonMandibularCanine2011.pdf (475.8Kb) -
Majeed, Abdul; Grobler, Sias; Moola, Mohamad H.; Rossouw, Roelof; Van Wyk Kotze, Theuns (South African Dental Association, 2008)[more][less]
Abstract: OBJECTIVES: The purpose was to evaluate the effect of various Opalescence tooth-whitening products on enamel. METHODS AND MATERIALS: Enamel blocks were exposed to Opalescence PF 10% Carbamide Peroxide (n = 10), Opalescence PF 20% Carbamide Peroxide (n = 10), Opalescence Trèswhite Supreme 10% Hydrogen Peroxide (n = 10) and Opalescence Quick PF 45% Carbamide Peroxide (n = 10) according to the manufacturer's instructions. The control group was enamel blocks (n = 10) kept in artificial saliva. The values were obtained before exposure and after the 14-days treatment period. Enamel blocks were kept in saliva between treatments. Indent marks on enamel blocks were examined using the scanning electron microscope for treatment effects. RESULTS: All four different Opalescence products damaged enamel. The most damage was done when treated for a long period (112 hours). SEM images also showed damage to enamel by all 4 products. Opalescence with 10% and with 20% Carbamide Peroxide showed the highest damage, which also differed significantly (p < 0.05) from the saliva control group (p < 0.05; Tukey-Kramer Multiple comparison test). CONCLUSION: All 4 Opalescence products damaged enamel. Higher damage was done by the 10% carbamide peroxide and 20% carbamide peroxide products because of the much longer exposure period (112 hours in comparison to 7 hours). URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10566/581 Files in this item: 1
MajeeddifferentOpalescence2008.pdf (1.805Mb) -
Majeed, Abdul; Grobler, Sias; Moola, Mohamed; Oberholzer, Theuns (South African Dental Association, 2011)[more][less]
Abstract: OBJECTIVES: This in vitro study evaluated the effect of four over-the-counter tooth-whitening products on enamel microhardness. METHODS: Fifty enamel blocks were prepared from extracted human molar teeth. The enamel surfaces were polished up to 1200 grit fineness and the specimens randomly divided into five groups. Enamel blocks were exposed to: Rapid White (n=10); Absolute White (n=10); Speed White (n=10) and White Glo (n=10) whitening products, according to the manufacturers' instructions. As control, ten enamel blocks were kept in artificial saliva at 37 degrees C without any treatment. Microhardness values were obtained before exposure (baseline) and after 1, 7 and 14-day treatment periods using a digital hardness tester with a Vickers diamond indenter. Data were analysed using Wilcoxon Signed Rank Sum Test, one-way ANOVA and Tukey-Kramer Multiple Comparison Test (p<0.05). RESULTS: Both Rapid White and Absolute White reduced enamel microhardness. Speed White increased the microhardness of enamel, while White Glo and artificial saliva had no effect on hardness. CONCLUSIONS: Over-the-counter tooth-whitening products might decrease enamel microhardness depending on the type of product. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10566/616 Files in this item: 1
-
Grobler, Sias; Majeed, Abdul; Moola, Mohamad H. (South African Dental Association, 2009)[more][less]
Abstract: Objectives: The purpose was to evaluate the effect of various tooth-whitening products on the South African market, containing carbamide peroxide (CP) or hydrogen peroxide (HP), on enamel microhardness. Methods: Enamel blocks were exposed to: Nite White® ACP 10% CP (group 2, n=10); Yotuel® Patient 10% CP (group 3, n=10); Opalescence® PF 10% CP (group 4, n=10); Opalescence® PF 20% CP (group 5, n=10); Opalescence® Treswhite Supreme 10% HP (group 6, n=10); Yotuel® 10 Minutes 30% CP (group 7, n=10); Opalescence® Quick 45% CP (group 8, n=10), Yotuel® Special 35% HP (group 9, n=10), Opalescence® Boost 38% HP (group 10, n=10) according to the instructions of the manufacturers. The control group (1) was enamel blocks (n=10) kept in artificial saliva at 37˚C without any treatment. The microhardness values were obtained before exposure and after a 14-day treatment period. Specimens were kept in artificial saliva at 37˚C between treatments. Data were analysed using Kruskal-Wallis one-way ANOVA and Tukey-Kramer Multiple Comparison Test. Indent marks on the enamel blocks were also examined under the scanning electron microscope. Results: All whitening products decreased enamel microhardness except group 10. Only Groups 2,3,4,5 and 7 showed significant decrease in enamel microhardness as compared to the control group (p<0.05). Groups 2, 3 and 7 differed significantly from all the other groups (p<0.05). The highest damage was recorded for group 2 (Nite White® ACP 10% CP), which differed significantly from groups 3 and 7. SEM images also showed damage to enamel. Conclusions: All products damaged enamel except Opalescence® Boost 38% HP. In general, the products containing carbamide peroxide were more damaging while longer treatment periods influenced the microhardness values negatively. Nite White® ACP without fluoride showed relatively more damage than all the other products containing fluoride. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10566/590 Files in this item: 1
GroblerEnamelMicrohardness2009.pdf (1.648Mb) -
Khan, Sadika (South African Dental Association (SADA), 2009)[more][less]
Abstract: This article focuses on educational research conducted at the newly merged UWC faculty of dentistry. The research emphasises the change in teaching methods employed to address the concerns experienced in teaching the new large classes as observed in the prosthetic techniques module. These educational interventions were conducted over 5 years and the study design included the principles of action research. Students were assisted in learning the theory of the practical procedures and the subsequent completion of these procedures with the accurate application of the theoretical concepts. Changes in the teaching methods enhanced students learning and successful translation of the theory into practical work. The active learning exercises incorporated into the teaching further motivated and assisted students with deep learning. The debates indicated that students know and accept the value of the module as part of their training. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10566/224 Files in this item: 1
KhanActionResearch2009.pdf (354.1Kb) -
McMillan, Wendy (American Association of Dental Schools, 2009)[more][less]
Abstract: There is increasing awareness in the health sciences of the potential of qualitative research to address questions that quantitative research cannot satisfactorily answer. While a growing number of studies in health sciences and health sciences education discuss the value of such research or describe the methodology and data collection processes, few detail how analysis was carried out. Reliability and validity of findings from qualitative research depend on the quality of data management, retrieval, and interpretation or identification of meaning. The robustness of data analysis is therefore an important factor in the rigor of qualitative research. This article uses a study of dental students’ conceptual learning to illustrate strategies that ensure rigor in qualitative analysis. Factors that informed the decisions regarding analysis are discussed in detail. The use of both grounded theory and literature is discussed. The role that deductive and inductive reasoning played in the analysis is outlined. A brief section illustrates the kinds of conclusions that can be made about conceptual learning when qualitative data are rigorously analyzed. Finally, potential shortcomings in the study and alternatives or additional mechanisms for ensuring validity and reliability of analysis are discussed. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10566/86 Files in this item: 1
McMillan_Qualitative2009.pdf (131.5Kb) -
McMillan, Wendy; Laloo, R.; Gugushe, T.S.; Ligthelm, A.J.; Evans, W.G.; Moola, Mohamad H. (South African Dental Association, 2005)[more][less]
Abstract: This paper, written at the close of a decade of democracy in South Africa, sets out to analyse the demographic profile of dental graduates from 1985-2004 at the five Faculties/Schools of Dentistry in South Africa. A comparison of the profiles for the pre-democracy (1985-1994) and post-apartheid (1995-2004) periods has been made. The demographic profile of first year dental students from 2000-2005 is also presented. From 1985-1994, most dental graduates were male (79%), but this changed substantially from 1995-2004, with females comprising 46% of those graduating. In the pre-democracy period, more than three-quarters of all graduates were White (78%), decreasing to 46% in the post-apartheid period under review. Black graduates increased from 6% to 24% across the two study periods. Amongst the first year dental student intake from 2000- 2005, females comprised 57%. There was an almost equal distribution across the White, Black and Asian groups. Dental faculties/schools have made important strides in transforming the demographic profile of their students. The percentage of Black graduates, however, needs to be significantly increased if it is to reflect the national population. Faculties/schools must further ensure that able students from working class background are identified and considered for acceptance into the undergraduate dental programme, and should then be offered the necessary academic and mentoring support to enable success. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10566/56 Files in this item: 1
McMillan_distribution(2005).pdf (143.8Kb) -
Mohamed, Nadia; Peerbhay, Fathima (Health and Medical Publishing Group, 2012)[more][less]
Abstract: This article serves to report on the introduction of an innovative ‘blended learning’ approach in the Paediatric Dentistry Department at the University of the Western Cape (UWC) in Cape Town, South Africa. This intervention was the first of its kind to be introduced at UWC’s dentistry faculty. Methods Educational resources were placed online to supplement didactic and clinical teaching and in so-doing, compensate for the lack of chair side teaching. An online learning platform was thus provided for students to engage with. Results Forty-seven percent of students accessed the site. The evaluation of the course by these 4th and 5th year students was mostly positive. Students who did not access the site provided a variety of reasons for not doing so, with the main reasons being the ‘lack of time’ (40%) and ‘lack of IT resources’ (41%). Conclusion This intervention highlighted the fact that ‘blended learning’ definitely has its place in the dentistry curriculum, especially if minor issues like access to resources can be addressed. The Paediatric Dentistry department at the University of Western Cape is continually pursuing current trends in teaching to provide an education that is on par with global standards. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10566/524 Files in this item: 1
MohamedDentistryE-learning2011.pdf (471.1Kb) -
Grobler, Sias; Majeed, Abdul; Moola, Mohamad H.; Rossouw, Roelof; van Wyk Kotze, Theuns (Bentham Open, 2011)[more][less]
Abstract: To clinically evaluate the effectiveness of Nite White 10% carbamide peroxide with amorphous calcium phosphate, potassium nitrate and fluoride over a 6-month follow-up period. Nite White was applied nightly for 14 days, according to the manufacturer’s instructions. The color of teeth 11 and 21 of twenty one subjects was measured with a spectrophotometer (L*; a*; b*). Subjects were instructed to take note of any tooth sensitivity and gingival irritation. For all three components (L*, a* and b*) statistical significant differences (p<0.05) in the values between base-line (prebleaching) and; after treatment, after 1-month, after 3-months as well as after 6-months were found (Wilcoxon Signed Rank Sum Test). Significant differences were also found amongst the E*ab (0-14days) values and; E*ab (0-1 month), E*ab (0-3 months) and E*ab (0-6 months). However, no significant differences were found between pairs of E*ab (0-1 month), E*ab (0-3 months) and E*ab (0-6months). The decrease in E*ab was the highest after 1 month (~30%). The highest decrease in L* was about 58% after 1 month. Over the 14-day treatment period tooth sensitivity was 24.5%. Conclusions: Nite White ACP demonstrated significant tooth-whitening (unit increase = 5.29) with a low tooth sensitivity (25%) probably due to the presence of amorphous calcium phosphate, potassium nitrate, and fluoride. The whitening effect decreased the most after one month and then maintained well even after a 6 month period (units 3.89). URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10566/586 Files in this item: 1
GroblervivoSpectrophotometric2011.pdf (287.8Kb) -
Hudson, Athol; Harris, Angela; Mohamed, Nadia (South African Dental Association, 2010)[more][less]
Abstract: This paper focuses on the identification of ectopic eruption patterns of the maxillary canines from the dental ages of approximately 8 to 12 years. The timing and suitability of interceptive treatment in pre-adolescents are discussed. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10566/417 Files in this item: 1
HudsonMaxillaryCanine2010.pdf (334.0Kb) -
Hudson, Athol; Harris, Angela; Mohamed, Nadia (South African Dental Association, 2009)[more][less]
Abstract: The mixed dentition pantomogram is routinely used in paediatric patients. This paper discusses the value of the pantomogram for early identification of problems in dental development during the mixed dentition stage. Aspects regarding dental maturity, leeway space, the sequence of eruption of the permanent teeth, anomalies and the development of the canines will be reviewed. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10566/416 Files in this item: 1
HudsonPantomogram2009.pdf (384.5Kb) -
Hudson, Athol; Grobler, Sias; Harris, Angela (Master Publishing Group, 2011)[more][less]
Abstract: The purpose of the study was to assess the relative base designs of three different maxillary molar stainless steel brackets with reference to the shear bond strength of three different adhesive resins. The molar brackets used were Victory series (3M Unitek), Upper Molar (GAC) and Optimesh XRT (Ormco). The adhesives used were Transbond XT (3M Unitek), Enlight (Ormco) and Sure Ortho Light Bond (Sure Orthodontics). The human enamel specimens (144) were randomly divided into nine groups and each group (n=16) was allocated to a bracket/adhesive combination. The contact surface of each of the bracket bases was measured three dimensionally using a reflex microscope. The base designs were also subjected to further microscopic investigations. The brackets were bonded to the enamel, temperature cycled and the shear bond strength was measured. The size and design of each of the brackets was different. The base size, surface treatment, mesh strand diameter and aperture size of the bracket base mesh have a significant effect on the shear bond strength at the bracket/adhesive interface. The shear bond strengths of all three Ormco bracket/adhesive resin combinations (5.8-6.8 MPa) were significantly lower (p<0.05; Kruskal-Wallis) than the other six bracket/adhesive combinations (9.4-12.1 MPa). The different adhesive types (3 types) could not be mainly responsible for the low shear bond values found for the Ormco bracket. The 3M Unitek combination of the Victory series bracket and Transbond XT adhesive proved to have a high shear bond strength without enamel damage. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10566/558 Files in this item: 1
HudsonOrthodonticMolarBrackets2011.pdf (1.831Mb) -
Grobler, Sias; Chikte, Usuf; Westraat, Jaco (Hindawi Publishing Corporation, 2011)[more][less]
Abstract: The purpose of this study was to determine the pH levels of 29 different samples of methamphetamine on the street market in Cape Town. The sample was dissolved in water and the pH of each sample determined. The pH levels varied from 3.02 to 7.03 with an average of 5.0. Seventy-two percent (21) of the samples had a pH level below the saliva “critical pH point of 5.6” and therefore should cause significant damage to enamel, especially in hyposalivation subjects without a saliva flow. However, about 26% of the samples had a pH level close to the neutral point and should cause minor damage to enamel. To lessen enamel damage, subjects should exercise good oral hygiene practice, rinse with a fluoride-containing mouth rinse, drink artificially sweetened drinks, and eat cheese. It is concluded that most of the methamphetamine samples have a low enough pH to cause direct damage to enamel especially in hyposalivation subjects. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10566/560 Files in this item: 1
-
Majeed, Abdul; Grobler, Sias; Moola, Mohamad H. (South African Dental Association, 2011)[more][less]
Abstract: OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this in vitro study was to investigate the pH of 21 commercially available tooth-whitening products. METHODS: Tooth-whitening products were divided into four categories: dentist supervised-home bleaching products (n = 5); in-office bleaching products (n = 5); over-the-counter bleaching products (n = 4) and whitening toothpastes and rinses (n = 7). The pH of three samples of each product was measured using an Orion Expandable Ion Analyzer EA940 with a Sure-Flow, Epoxy-body combination pH electrode. The group data were analysed using one way ANOVA (significant at p < 0.05). RESULTS: The five dentist supervised-home bleaching products had a mean pH of 6.21 +/- 0.76 and ranged from 4.88 to 6.81. The five in-office bleaching products had a mean pH of 6.26 +/- 1.19 and ranged from 5.30 to 7.85. The four over-the-counter whitening products had a mean pH of 5.07 +/- 1.74 and ranged from 3.76 to 8.03 and the seven whitening toothpastes had a mean pH of 7.66 +/- 1.19 and ranged from 6.61 to 9.68. The pH of the over-the-counter category was significantly lower (more acidic) than all other categories (p < 0.05). The whitening gel of Rapid-White had the lowest acidic pH of 3.76 and Colgate Advanced Whitening toothpaste showed the highest alkaline pH of 9.68. CONCLUSIONS: The pH of all tooth-whitening products showed a wide range from 3.76 (highly acidic) to 9.68 (highly alkaline). Over-the-counter whitening products showed the lowest pH levels and in general these can be expected to damage enamel more than the other products. Dentists should be vigilant with regards to products used outside their surgeries and should warn their patients accordingly. CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS: The acidic pH of many of the whitening products other than in-office bleaching products is of concern and the general public should be better informed by the dental professionals of the dangers of these products. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10566/579 Files in this item: 1
Majeedtoothwhiteningproducts2011.pdf (1.207Mb) -
Grobler, Sias; Louw, Adrian; Chikte, Usuf; Rossouw, Roelof; van Wyk Kotze, Theuns (Bentham Science Publishers, 2009)[more][less]
Abstract: This field study included the whole population of children aged 10–15 years (77 from a 0.19 mg/L F area; 89 from a 3.00 mg/L F area), with similar nutritional, dietary habits and similar ethnic and socioeconomic status. The fluoride concentration in the drinking water, the bone mineral content, the bone density and the degree of dental fluorosis were determined. The left radius was measured for bone width, bone mineral content, and bone mineral density. The mean fluorosis score was 1.3 in the low fluoride area and 3,6 in the high fluoride area. More than half the children in the low fluoride area had no fluorosis (scores 0 and 1) while only 5% in the high fluoride area had none. Severe fluorosis (30%) was only observed in the high fluoride area. The Wilcoxon Rank Sum Test indicated that fluorosis levels differed significantly (p < 0.05) between the two areas. No relationships were found between dental fluorosis and bone width or between fluorosis and bone mineral density in the two areas (Spearment Rank correlations). A significant increase in bone width was found with age but no differences amongst and boys and girls. A significant positive correlation was found in the high fluoride area between bone mineral density over age. In the 12-13 and 13-14 year age groups in the high fluoride area, girls had higher bone mineral densities. However, a significant negative correlation (p<0.02) was found for the low fluoride area (0.19 mg/L F) over age. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10566/404 Files in this item: 1
GroblerDrinkingWater2009.pdf (114.0Kb) -
Grobler, Sias; Hayward, R; Wiese, S; Moola, Mohamad H.; van Wyk Kotze, Theuns (Elsevier, 2010)[more][less]
Abstract: Objectives: To evaluate the effectiveness of Opalescence PF 10% just after treatment, at 6-month follow-up and at a 14-month follow-up period. Methods: Opalescence PF 10% was applied nightly for 14 days. The color of teeth 11 and 21 of 17 subjects were measured with a spectrophotometer (L*; a*; b*) before treatment, just after treatment (14 days), after 6 months and after 14 months. Subjects were instructed to take note of any tooth sensitivity. Results: For all three components (L*, a* and b*) statistical significant differences (p < 0.05) in the values between base-line, after treatment (14 days later), after 6 months and after 14 months were found (Wilcoxon Signed Rank Sum Test). The decrease in L* was about 20% after 6 months and about 50% after 14 months. The a* value decreased approximately 14% after 6 months but was worse after 14 months than at the beginning. The b* value decreased the least with about 9% after 6 months and about 8% after 14 months. The decrease in View the MathML source was ∼20% after 14 months. Less than 20% of the subjects experienced mild tooth sensitivity just after treatment. Conclusion: Significantly whiter teeth were found after treatment as well as after a 6-month follow-up period. The whiteness/brightness (L*) decreased with ∼50% after 14 months and the a* value with ∼50% after 7 months, while the yellowness (b* value) remained even after 14 months. Clinical implications: The product is an effective tooth whitener resulting in only low tooth sensitivity. Re-bleaching could be done at about 14 months. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10566/556 Files in this item: 1
GroblerSpectrophotometric2010.pdf (957.3Kb) -
Khan, Sadika; Geerts, Greta (South African Dental Association (SADA), 2008)[more][less]
Abstract: This study aims to evaluate the acceptance of light-cured acrylic resin for custom trays by dental students. A questionnaire addressing the use and handling properties of both light-cured (Megatray, Megadent, Germany) and chemically-cured (Excel, Wright Health Group, UK) custom tray materials was distributed amongst undergraduate dental students of the University of the Western Cape. Of a total of 196 dental students, 38 were absent on the day of the survey. Of the 158 questionnaires that were distributed and returned, 18 did not meet the inclusion criteria and 1 person chose not to participate. Of the 139 participating students, 98 were in 4th year, 41 in 5th year. With regards to the light-cured acrylic custom tray material, 77% used it most often, 64% said it saved time and 62 % said that it was easier to handle. Fifty two percent indicated that both types of materials should be taught in undergraduate training, 26% preferred the light-cured acrylic resin custom tray material, 20% suggested that only the light-cured resin be used and no one suggested the chemically-cured resin exclusively. The study concluded that most undergraduate students positively accepted the light-cured resin, but training in the use of both materials was recommended. Description: Presented at IADR 2005 – Kuwait (1st African Middle-Eastern IADR Conference) URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10566/222 Files in this item: 1
KhanLight-curedAcrylicResin2008.pdf (591.5Kb) -
Hudson, Athol; Harris, Angela; Mohamed, Nadia; Joubert, Jo-Anne (South African Dental Association, 2012)[more][less]
Abstract: Leeway space preservation in the mixed dentition is a well-documented method of space management. In the mandibular arch it may be saved for utilization in the correction of minor anterior crowding by the placement of a passive lower lingual arch (LLA) during the transition from the mixed dentition to the permanent dentition URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10566/569 Files in this item: 1
HudsonLingArch2013.pdf (299.6Kb)
Previous Page
Now showing items 7-24 of 24