Intervention to reduce adolescent hookah pipe use and satisfy basic psychological needs
Abstract
Background: Hookah pipe use is a public health concern and threat to
adolescents’ health. self-determination theory asserts that satisfaction of basic
psychological needs (BPN) will contribute to adolescents developing optimally.
Purpose: The purpose of this study was to design an intervention to reduce adolescent hookah pipe use and satisfy their BPN. Methods: A modified delphi approach
was implemented using a two-phased approach. Phase 1 included reviews and
empirical research that formed part of the needs analysis. Phase 2 was the development of the intervention in collaboration with stakeholders from academia, policy
and practice (n = 25). The stakeholders formed the sample for this study. Phase 1
informed phase 2. Phase 2 was implemented through a 4-hour workshop with the
stakeholders. The workshop was audio recorded, transcribed verbatim and thematically analysed. Principal Results: The results indicated that a holistic four-pronged
approach focusing on (1) the hookah pipe user, (2) the family, (3) after school
recreation activities and (4) the teacher and community was needed as a model to
intervene in adolescent hookah pipe use and satisfy their BPN. The intervention was
described using the RE-AIM framework which considers reach, efficacy, adoption,
implementation and maintenance of the intervention.