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Gibbons, Mark J.; Stuart, V; Verheye, H M (NISC and Taylor & Francis, 1992)[more][less]
Abstract: Carnivorous zooplankton in the Benguela system have tended to be ignored by all but early taxonomists and a handful of recent researchers. An attempt is made here to address the importance of carnivores in this system but, because the database is poor, it was necessary to apply material from outside the region. The taxa covered include ctenophores, cnidarians (Scyphozoa and Hydrozoa, including Siphonophora), chaetognaths and hyperiid amphipods as well as such minor groups as pelagic gastropods and decapods. Most groups of carnivores within the Benguela are represented by only one or two "common" species. These tend to be epiplanktonic and generally concentrated inshore of the shelf-break, where their distributions are influenced by changes in local hydrography. Their densities frequently exceed those of herbivores. The dominant carnivores share a number of attributes: wide-ranging diets, high assimilation and growth efficiencies and mostly a Type I functional response to food concentration. They fall into two categories. The first is the gelatinous species, which have short lifespans and exhibit rapid growth and often massive reproductive response to high concentrations of food. They are patchily distributed and some appear to have behavioural traits that enable them to stay within localized patches of prey on which they may be dependent because of high metabolic costs. In the second category are crustacean predators and chaetognaths which have slower response times to the food environment but may have longer lifespans, lower daily maintenance needs and an ability to store lipids. They are less dependent on high densities of food organisms and can survive throughout winter, when gelatinous predators are rare. The effect of predation on abundance of copepods is estimated on the basis of both published and unpublished data. Should swarms of predators coincide with a critical gateway of zooplankton or larvae, then there may be total depletion. This applies especially to the nearshore zone of the West Coast and to semi-enclosed bays. The role of carnivorous zooplankton in the diets of commercially important fish species is stressed, but their importance in the regeneration of nutrients may be insignificant. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10566/305 Files in this item: 1
GibbonsTrophicEcology1992.pdf (1.199Mb) -
Clifford, Marian; Kerfoot, Caroline (Oxford University Press, 1992)[more][less]
Abstract: In this chapter, the ESL approaches adopted by seven different literacy organisations in South Africa are described and analysed. The approaches are identified in relation to developments in the field of applied linguistics and language teaching. The methods include formalist, functional/communicative approach, competency-based approach, natural growth approach, task-based process approach, popular education and ESL approach. The chapter concludes with principles for adult, popular second language learning curriculum and training. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10566/217 Files in this item: 1
KerfootLanguageOfHope.pdf (1.060Mb) -
Du Toit, Darcy (Juta Law, 1993)[more][less]
Abstract: Introduction: The constitutional debate in South Africa has place the related issues of democracy and increase production and redistribution of wealth centrally on the agenda. Democratisation of the employment relationship, it will be argued, it is essential to both. At first sight there has been a certain meting of minds between employers and organised labour around this question. The demand for greater democracy in the workplace has been raised increasingly from the side of trade unions and the mass democracy movement in recent years while some employers have taken initiatives of their own to involve workers in decision-making. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10566/687 Files in this item: 1
DuToitLabourLaw1993.pdf (2.033Mb) -
Du Toit, Darcy (Juta Law, 1993)[more][less]
Abstract: Introduction:An issue that has received little attention in our law is the nature of a union's duty vis-à-vis its membership in the course of collective bargaining and the consequences of breach of such duty. This is, in the first instance, a practical question of law and industrial relations which may determine the enforceability of disputed collective agreements. Over and above this it is a question of democracy. Trade unions are widely regarded as a means whereby individually powerless employees can gain a degree of control over their working lives and moreover, in today's political climate, over socio-economic policy and labour legislation. But such control can only be meaningful if the union itself is subject to democratic control by its members. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10566/669 Files in this item: 1
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Du Toit, Darcy (Juta Law, 1993)[more][less]
Abstract: Introduction:'Abraham Adamson, owner of A&A Motor Spares in Athlone, Cape Town, was dealing with a client in June 1991 when the sheriff of the court walked in and seized 21 gearboxes and various other movable assets. His [Adamson's] crime was failing to pay two of his 14 employees the overtime rates stipulated by an industrial council which a few weeks earlier he never even knew existed. So begins one of numerous press reports in the last few years recording the burdens placed on small entrepreneurs by legal regulation in general and industrial councils in particular. A senior manager of the Small Business Development Corporation (SBDC) was reported as saying that 'he is aware of 10 cases in the Western Cape where businesses were liquidated by industrial councils over the last two years, generally for non-payment of levies'. Two comments by small employers, quoted in the same report, pithily express their viewpoint: 'Either I pay them [workers] below the minimum wage or I close my doors and they lose their jobs. They prefer to have their jobs.' 'They want to tell me when I can open and close my factory at Christmas. These people are killing employment. If I comply with these rules I will have to close down my company. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10566/668 Files in this item: 1
DuToitCollectiveBargaining1993.pdf (93.61Kb) -
Keats, Derek; Wilton, P.; Maneveldt, Gavin (Elsevier, 1994)[more][less]
Abstract: The crustose coralline alga Spongites yendoi (Foslie) Chamberlain (Corallinaceae, Rhodophyta) dominates the lower eulittoral zone along the South Coast of South Africa, together with the limpet Patella cochlear Born. This coralline alga was previously shown to undergo a deep-layer sloughing twice a year, as well as continuous epithallial sloughing. The hypothesis that deep-layer sloughing could perform an antifouling function was tested by determining the percentage cover of fleshy algae developing in a limpet exclusion experiment on live and killed coralline. Substantial fleshy algal cover developed in both limpet removal treatments, negating any possible antifouling function of deep-layer sloughing. A measurable decrease in the mean thickness of the coralline population was noted during periods of sloughing. A thicker crustose coralline, Leptophytum ferox (Foslie) Chamberlain & Keats, grew more slowly and was much more heavily burrowed and more weakly attached than S. yendoi. These results are consistent with a hypothesis that deep-layer sloughing contributes to the alga's relatively thin thallus, thereby conferring the advantages of faster growth and stronger attachment. However, further studies are still needed to evaluate these hypotheses further. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10566/901 Files in this item: 0
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Keats, Derek; Maneveldt, Gavin (Elsevier, 1994)[more][less]
Abstract: The encrusting coralline alga, Leptophytum foveatum, is the most abundant crustose alga in the lower eulittoral zone at Yzerfontein and other exposed sites on the West Coast of South Africa. The surface of this species is usually imbricate (appears scaly) as a result of the aparently spontaneous regeneration of margins at the surface of the thallus. The thicker, fleshy, brown crustose alga, Ralfsia verrucosa, usually overgrows the margins of the thinner L. foveatum; however, L. foveatum counteracts this overgrowth by regenerating margins at the thallus surface, and these are able to grow up and over the encroaching margin of R. verrucosa. Experiments in which these regenerated margins were removed showed that the regenerated margins are able to slow or stop the encroachment of R. verrucosa. It is suggested that the regeneration of thallus margins at the surface, away from the primary thallus margin, allows L. foveatum to maintain the advantages of being thin (e.g. more rapid lateral growth), but also gain some of the advantages of being thick (e.g. improved competitive ability). URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10566/900 Files in this item: 0
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Du Toit, Darcy (Juta Law, 1994)[more][less]
Abstract: Introduction:The present-day concentration by government, private sector organizations and academics on the small and informal business sectors is undoubtedly a sign of the times. Until some 20 years ago small business attracted little attention, the term 'informal sector' had hardly been heard of. The limits to growth experienced in the industrialized countries from the mid-1970's onwards, however, and the deepening malaise of what had previously been regarded as the 'developing' world, brought about a sea-change in attitudes. It became obvious that corporate investment, local or foreign, was providing jobs for only a minute fraction of the destitute workseekers flooding third world cities. Even in the developed countries full employment was a thing of the past. In this climate policy-makers came to pin their hope on growth of the informal sector as a means of absorbing the millions of people whom the formal sector could not accommodate URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10566/750 Files in this item: 1
DuToitSmallBusiness2004.pdf (103.9Kb) -
Du Toit, Darcy (Juta Law, 1994)[more][less]
Abstract: Induction:In the statutory arena one facet at least, the interaction between union and employer parties at industrial council level, is defined by the Labour Relations Act 28 of 1956 (LRA). The other crucial nexus, that between the union and its constituents, is not expressly defined but can be construed in the context of the statutory process. This may be one reason why the issue has given rise to relatively little litigation or debate. No comparable framework exists within which to situate non-statutory bargaining. Case law on the subject, though on the increase, is still meagre. Three such cases are reviewed below. All three turn on the question whether agreements (purportedly) entered into by union officials had in fact been authorized by members of the union and, hence, whether the agreements were valid. In all three cases the agreements were upheld though with little in the way of a common rationale to underpin future legal development. This article will argue that the key to the development of a coherent approach lies in a more consistent application of the principle of majoritarianism. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10566/747 Files in this item: 1
DuToitUnionAuthority1994.pdf (110.9Kb) -
Barange, M; Macpherson, E; Gibbons, Mark J. (NISC and Taylor & Francis, 1994)[more][less]
Abstract: Information on vertical and horizontal distribution patterns, abundance and morphology of the decapod Pasiphaea semispinosa in the Benguela upwelling system is presented. P. semispinosa is the dominant pelagic decapod in the system, occurring between 19 and 32°S along the mid and inner shelf in concentrations of 10-100•m-2• Although it is more abundant during abated than during active upwelling in the northern Benguela, it would appear to be equally abundant during both upwelling scenarios in the southern Benguela. In the southern Benguela, reproductive females are present during winter and juveniles dominate during active upwelling, but juveniles appear to be more common during abated upwelling in the northern Benguela. The estimates of abundance of P. semispinosa presented in this study are subject to sampling biases attributable to their vertical migratory behaviour and net avoidance capabilities. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10566/307 Files in this item: 1
GibbonsPasiphaea1994.pdf (692.3Kb) -
Gibbons, Mark J.; Stuart, V (NISC and Taylor & Francis, 1994)[more][less]
Abstract: The feeding biology and the vertical migration of Sagitta friderici were examined over 24 h at two stations in the southern Benguela during spring (October) 1987. Together with studies conducted during summer (February 1991) and winter (May 1984), they serve to allow valuable generalizations of the biology and ecology of this abundant chaetognath. Populations migrate vertically and feed nocturnally, although the timing and the extent of migration vary between studies. S.friderici exhibits ontogenetic layering and the cross-shelf distribution of maturity stages differs, suggesting that it is able to take advantage of cross-shelf water movement in order to maintain populations in the nearshore waters of the West Coast. S.friderici prey almost exclusively on copepodg (cannibalism is rare), and there is a positive relationship between the lengths of predator and prey that is influenced by the size structure of the prey environment. This casts doubt on the validity of a chaetognath species-specific relationship between predator and prey size. S. friderici selects its prey on the basis of size, and not species. Daily ration is related linearly to prey density, so reflecting the low density of prey and providing support for theoretical predictions regarding ingestion rates under oceanic conditions. The impact of S. friderici predation on the copepod assemblage is generally less than 3% of the standing stock, although it could be much higher under conditions of low copepod biomass and poor secondary production. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10566/306 Files in this item: 1
GibbonsFeeding1994.pdf (866.4Kb) -
Chamberlain, Yvonne; Norris, R.E.; Keats, Derek; Maneveldt, Gavin (Walter de Gruyter, 1995)[more][less]
Abstract: A nongeniculate, crustose coralline alga (Rhodophyta, Corallinaceae) from South Africa, is found growing epiphytically on fronds of species of the geniculate genus Ampiroa. Analysis of the vegetative and reproductive morphology and anatomy of the alga shows that it belongs to the subfamily Melobesioideae and genus Clathromorphum. It is the only known representative of the genus in South Africa. It has tetrasporangial conceptacles that are significantly smaller than those of any other described species of the genus and it is described as the new species Clathromorphum tubiforme. The diagnostic features of Clathromorphum and other genera of the Melobesioideae are discussed and it is considered that, among melobesioid genera, Clathromorphum is probably most closely related to Melobesia. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10566/907 Files in this item: 0
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Xu, Yongxin; Reynders, A.G. (Water Research Commission, 1995)[more][less]
Abstract: The quality of groundwater is affected by many activities occurring on the surface of the earth. A pro-active protection approach is required to avoid the costly and technology difficult exercise of groundwater remediation. This paper reviews various approaches for groundwater protection and documents recent developments in this field. A comprehensive protection strategy consists of many elements, ranging from the protection of entire aquifers to localized water-supply sources. A Three-tier protection concept, with the emphasis on a zoning approach, is proposed for South Africa. This will facilitate the protection of groundwater at various levels (national, regional and local) and will ensure that protection needs in the short, medium and long term are addressed. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10566/824 Files in this item: 1
XuThree-tierApproach1995.pdf (561.0Kb) -
Du Toit, Darcy (Juta Law, 1995)[more][less]
Abstract: Introduction:The theme of 'emerging models of worker participation and representation' is uniquely appropriate in relation to South Africa today. In February 1995 a draft labour statute, designed to replace the existing Labour Relations Act and corresponding statutes applicable to the public, education and agricultural sectors, was published One of its more radical innovations is the proposal for a system of worker participation by means of elected bodies to be known as 'workplace forums'. The draft law has turned out to be controversial, and at the time of writing it is not clear what its fate will eventually be. Inter alia, the chapter on workplace forums has reportedly encountered opposition from trade unions as well as employers. Debate of this nature, however, is integral to the emergence of new industrial relations models. This article will attempt to evaluate the proposed system of worker participation and to explore some of its implications which may be of interest internationally. In particular, it will focus on the envisaged relationship between workplace forums and trade unions - a question that will be crucial to the success or failure of the project. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10566/746 Files in this item: 1
DuToitCorporatism1995.pdf (149.7Kb) -
Du Toit, Darcy (Juta Law, 1995)[more][less]
Abstract: Introduction: 'n Regsteksboek is nie bloot 'n uiteensetting van regs reels nie. Dit is, in die eerste plek, 'n seleksie van bespreekingspunte en, terselfdetyd, 'n evaluasie van die selekteerde gegewens wat uitgaan van 'n bepaalde referensiekader. Tog konfronteer die eindproduk die student as meer as net 'n boek. Dit word bestudeer (nie noodwendig onkrities nie) as 'n objektiewe verklaring van die onderwerp of, tenminste, van die "feite" wat jy moet ken om te slaag. Direk of indirek beinvloed so 'n boek, en dus die skrywer daarvan se uitgangspunte, die sienswyse waarmee groot getalle toekomstige regspraktisyns en -akademici die betrokke vakgebied sal begryp, die manier waarop hulle geneig sal wees om besondere reels te interpreteer en die doelstellings wat hulle daarmee identifiseer. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10566/720 Files in this item: 1
DuToitLabourLaw1995.pdf (1.008Mb) -
Schenck, Catherina (Rinie); Louw, H. (School of Social Work, Zimbabwe, 1995)[more][less]
Abstract: This article uses the concept of 'people centredness' to stress the fact that development requires that the people themselves - who are meant to be the beneficiaries of development initiatives - be placed in the forefront and fully involved in any projects or programmes which aim to assist them. The authors see this people centred perspective as providing a new paradigm which is vital in the process of learning, growth and development If empowerment of local people is to be achieved, this requires their complete participation - which implies sharing and working together and most importantly, for outsiders working with them, to trust their skills and abilities. The author's stress that development can only take place when agencies provide the services that people really want, rather than imposing pre-conceived policies and programmes on people. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10566/719 Files in this item: 1
SchenckPeoplecentred1995.pdf (611.1Kb) -
Moosa, Najma (Juta Law, 1995)[more][less]
Abstract: Introduction: The first Muslims had arrived at the Cape from the Dutch colonies in the East Indies (now Indonesia) and the coastal regions of Southern India from anywhere around 1652-1658. Despite having been granted the freedom to practise their religion since 1804, Muslims could not give legal effect to their personal laws for three hundred years as social restrictions and political inequalities prevailed until recently. It is anticipated that the rapid changes taking place in South Africa since the democratic elections of 1994 will rectify this situation expeditiously. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10566/636 Files in this item: 1
MoosaMuslimPersonalLaw1995.pdf (494.8Kb) -
Du Toit, Darcy (Juta Law, 1995)[more][less]
Abstract: Introduction: The small, medium and micro enterprise (SMME) sector spans an immense sweep of economic activity, from entirely non-regulated to entirely regulated businesses, 'from the survivalist activities of informal sector hawkers to high-tech manufacturing enterprises employing fewer than 200 workers'. It comprises, in reality, a multitude of subsectors of different branches of the economy, each with its own specific issues, problems and potentialities. In addressing the issue of industrial relations, it will be neither appropriate nor fruitful to try to deal with this multifaceted 'sector' in its entirety. In the first place, most informal enterprises are conducted by single individuals, families or partnerships and do not involve employment relationships in the normal meaning of the term. In the second place, much informal activity is conducted by unemployed persons seeking merely to maintain themselves until jobs become available. Such enterprises are transient and difficult to target or track for purposes of industrial relations policy. Thirdly, structured collective labour relations as we know them are in many respects premised on the realities of larger workplaces and may be less appropriate to workplaces employing only one, two or a handful of people. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10566/632 Files in this item: 1
DuToitSMME1995.pdf (101.0Kb) -
Gibbons, Mark J. (NISC (Pty) Ltd and Taylor& Francis, 1995)[more][less]
Abstract: A total of 24 species of euphausiid was collected during a survey along the South African south coast during January 1992. Communities over the Agulhas Bank were of low diversity and abundance and were dominated by Nycliphanes capensis. Those at the shelf-edge were of high diversity and abundance and were dominated by Euphausia recurI'll and Thysalloessa gregaria. Such high diversity may be maintained by vertical scgregation at night. Few species displayed obvious diel vertical migration, although N. capen sis may be able to maintain itself on the shelf by means of this behaviour. E. recurl'Cl appeared to feed on phytoplankton throughout the water column at night, reflecting the distribution of food. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10566/374 Files in this item: 1
GibbonsEuphausiid1995.pdf (584.2Kb) -
Kerfoot, Caroline (Centre for Education Policy Development (CEPD), 1995)[more][less]
Abstract: In anticipation of the reconstruction and development of the education and training system, the CEPD established a number of curriculum task teams to develop subject-specific curriculum frameworks in line with the vision and principles as outlined in the draft discussion document released by the African National Congress in January 1994 - "A Policy Framework for Education and Training". This chapter presents the interim report of the Adult Basic Education and Training task team. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10566/218 Files in this item: 1
KerfootABETCurriculum1995.pdf (747.5Kb)
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