Browsing Medical Bioscience by Author "Africa, Charlene W.J."
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Anaerobes and bacterial vaginosis in pregnancy: virulence factors contributing to vaginal colonisation
Africa, Charlene W.J.; Nel, Janske; Stemmet, Megan C. (Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute, 2014)The aetiology and pathogenesis of bacterial vaginosis (BV) is unclear but it appears to be associated with factors that disrupt the normal acidity of the vagina thus altering the equilibrium between the normal vaginal ... -
Antimicrobial resistant Gram-positive cocci in pregnant mothers with aerobic vaginitis
Kaambo, Eveline; Abrantes, Pedro Miguel dos Santos; McArthur, Carole P.; Africa, Charlene W.J. (Infection Control Africa Network (ICAN), 2016)The vaginal microbiota of a healthy asymptomatic woman consists of an extensive diversity of anaerobic and aerobic bacterial genera and species dominated by the microaerophilic genus Lactobacillus , known to inhibit the ... -
The association between gender and tooth loss in a small rural population of South Africa
Africa, Charlene W.J.; Reddy, Jairam (Science Publishing Group, 2013)Periodontal disease, which attacks the gums and supporting structures of the tooth, is one of the major causes of tooth loss in adults. Few studies on general well-being have compared the differences in oral health between ... -
Bacterial morphotype grading for periodontal disease assessment
Smeda-Pienaar, Kim; Kaambo, Eveline; Africa, Charlene W.J. (Nature Publishing Group, 2017)BACKGROUND: Listgarten and Hellden (1978) used darkfield microscopy of wet mounts to differentiate between healthy and periodontally diseased sites in the mouth by expressing the different bacterial morphotypes observed ... -
BANA-positive plaque samples are associated with oral hygiene practices and not CD4+ T cell counts in HIV-positive patients
John, Cathy N.; Stephen, Lawrence X.G.S.; Africa, Charlene W.J. (Hindawi Publishing Corporation, 2012)Background. The “red complex” microorganisms, namely, Porphyromonas gingivalis, Treponema denticola, and Tannerella forsythia are considered as potential pathogens causing HIV-associated periodontal diseases. Moreover, ... -
Candida antifungal drug resistance in sub-Saharan African populations: A systematic review
Africa, Charlene W.J.; Abrantes, Pedro Miguel dos Santos (Science Navigation Group, 2017)BACKGROUND: Candida infections are responsible for increased morbidity and mortality rates in at-risk patients, especially in developing countries where there is limited access to antifungal drugs and a high burden of HIV ... -
Carbapenem resistance expressed by Gram-negative bacilli isolated from a cohort of Libyan patients
Shallouf, Mohamed; Abrantes, Pedro Miguel dos Santos; Africa, Charlene W.J. (BioMed Central, 2016)Background and objectives: Carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE) and other Gram-negative bacteria are among the most common pathogens responsible for both community and hospital acquired infection. The global spread ... -
A comparison of susceptibility patterns of oral Candida isolates from South African and Cameroonian HIV- positive populations
Abrantes, Pedro Miguel dos Santos; McArthur, Carole P.; Africa, Charlene W.J. (The International Association for Dental Research (IADR), 2012)METHOD: In this study, Candida isolates were collected from the oral mucosa of 128 South African and 126 Cameroonian HIV-positive patients, by scraping the mouths of consenting patients using sterile cotton swabs. Ethics ... -
Drug susceptibility profiles of Candida species isolated from the oral mucosa of HIV-positive West African patients using the TREK Sensititre system
McArthur, Carole P.; Abrantes, Pedro Miguel dos Santos; Awasom, Charles; Ayuk, L.; Africa, Charlene W.J. (2013)BACKGROUND: Candida infections are a common cause of death in immunocompromised patients. The prevalence and anti-mycotic drug susceptibility profiles of Candida species from Cameroon in Africa are unavailable. This ... -
Examination of maternal gingival crevicular fluid for the presence of selected periodontopathogens implicated in the pre-term delivery of low birthweight infants
Africa, Charlene W.J.; Kayitenkore, Janet; Bayingana, Claude (Landes Bioscience, 2010)Background: Reports show that more than 20 million infants world-wide are born prematurely with 95% of all pre-term births occurring in developing countries. Oral colonization of Gram-negative anaerobes has been implicated ... -
Further evidence for periodontal disease as a risk indicator for adverse pregnancy outcomes
Turton, Mervyn; Africa, Charlene W.J. (Elsevier, 2017)Although there is increasing evidence to suggest an association between periodontal disease and adverse pregnancy outcomes, the issue remains controversial. Study objective: This study tested the hypothesis that ... -
HIV/Candida co-infection in Sub-Saharan African women on ART
Abrantes, Pedro Miguel dos Santos; Africa, Charlene W.J. (Infectious Diseases Society of Southern Africa, the Sexually Transmitted Diseases Society of Southern and the Public Health Association of South Africa., 2013)INTRODUCTION: Sub-Saharan Africa has 23.5 million cases of HIV and is home to 92% of the world’s HIV-positive pregnant women of whom 24% die of pregnancy related complications. Oral candidiasis is a common condition in ... -
An in-vitro analysis of the antimicrobial efficacy of herbal toothpastes on selected primary plaque colonizers
Peck, Mogammad T.; Africa, Charlene W.J.; Stephen, Lawrence X.G.S.; Marnewick, Johan; Majeed, Abdul (iMD Publishers, 2011)Plaque associated oral disease affects a considerable portion of the population and is considered one of the major causes of tooth loss. In most cases toothbrushing only removes a limited amount of dental plaque and other ... -
Is human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) stage an independent risk factor for altering the periodontal status of HIV-positive patients? A South African study
John, Cathy N.; Stephen, Lawrence X.G.S.; Africa, Charlene W.J. (BioMed Central, 2013)Background: The immunosuppresion in HIV patients makes them highly susceptible to microbial infections. The aim of the study was to establish whether HIV stage (as depicted by CD4+ T lymphocyte counts) could independently ... -
Metronidazole in the Prophylaxis and treatment of Anaerobic Infection
Applebaum, P.C.; Moodley, J.; Chatterton, S.A.; Cowan, D.B.; Africa, Charlene W.J. (Health and Medical Publishing Group, 1978)The influence of prophylactic metronidazole on vaginal carriage rates of anaerobes and the development of postoperative anaerobic infection was studied in 104 women who underwent abdominal hysterectomy. Metronidazole ... -
The Microbial Aetiology of Periodontal Diseases
Africa, Charlene W.J. (InTech, 2012)Introduction: The study of the aetiology of periodontal diseases has continued for decades with much progress shown in the last two decades. Having moved through periods of “whole” plaque (with emphasis on mass) being ... -
Multi-drug resistant (MDR) oral Candida species isolated from HIV-positive patients in South Africa and Cameroon
Abrantes, Pedro Miguel dos Santos; McArthur, Carole P.; Africa, Charlene W.J. (Elsevier, 2014)Candida species are a common cause of infection in immune-compromised HIV-positive individuals, who are usually treated with the antifungal drug, fluconazole in public hospitals in Africa. However, information about the ... -
Oral colonization of Gram-negative anaerobes as a risk factor for preterm birth
Africa, Charlene W.J. (Landes Bioscience, 2011)Preterm birth significantly impacts on neonatal morbidity and mortality and is apparently increasing worldwide. Several studies have attempted to define a causative role for periodontal disease in adverse pregnancy ... -
Proteomic mechanisms of drug resistance in Candida cell membrane fractions
Abrantes, Pedro Miguel dos Santos; Bouic, Patrick J.D.; Africa, Charlene W.J. (International Association for Dental Research, 2014)INTRODUCTION: The African continent has the highest burden of HIV infection, accounting for approximately 65% of new infections globally. Oral candidiasis is a major cause of increased morbidity in HIV-infected individuals ... -
Proteomics of drug-resistant HIV-associated candidiasis
Abrantes, Pedro Miguel dos Santos; Bouic, Patrick J.D.; Africa, Charlene W.J. (University of the Western Cape, 2015)Candidiasis and HIV co-infection may cause increased patient morbidity and mortality due to oropharyngeal or systemic dissemination. Limited information exists on the prevalence, antifungal susceptibility profiles and drug ...